参考资料

1816年,麦迪逊总统又使国会通过了进一步提高关税的法令。 ... 这两项措施给美国经济带来两个极其重要的影响:第一,美国无法在工业品方面继续依赖欧洲,以前全部靠进口的商品转而必须自己制造,于是制造棉毛纺织品、铁器、玻璃、五金器具及其他日用轻工业品 ...

The Tariff of 1816, also known as the Dallas Tariff, is notable as the first tariff passed by Congress with an explicit function of protecting U.S. manufactured items from overseas competition. Prior to the War of 1812, tariffs had primarily served to raise revenues to operate the national government. Another unique aspect of the tariff was the ...

The Tariff of 1816 was a mildly protectionist measure, raising the average rates to around 20 percent. New England manufacturers actually desired higher rates, but had not yet developed a sufficient political presence in Washington to have their way. Daniel Webster, a great spokesman for New England interests, opposed the tariff measure.